This is a longer version of my research posted at The Examiner. You can comment there without having to sign-in.
As a vocal skeptic, I’ve become known among my friends and family as the go-to person to determine whether or not news stories or photos on the Internet are true. Sometimes this just means going to Snopes.com to check and see and see what the folklore researchers have come up with. Other times I have to dig in and do the research myself. The latest piece of dubious dumbness to come across my desk is a photo purported to be of Arizona Hispanic protesters out complaining about the new state law the state just passed.

This photo is currently circulating in e-mails. It appears to be a fake.
It is an e-mail with the subject line of “VERY SCARY: Give us free” and contains this image, along with the following text:
“Can you believe this sign?
This picture shows what the problem in Arizona and our country is all about. Now if only California and Texas passed the same law as Arizona …….”
It comes with a photo of a group of Hispanic/Latino protesters, one carrying a notably incendiary sign which says:
“GIVE US FREE
HEALTH CARE
JOBS – NO TAXES
HOUSE
FOOD
YOU OWE US AMERICA!
WE WILL SHOOT MORE POLICE IN ARIZONA UNTIL WE GET FREE!”
The sign is clearly meant to incite trouble, but the man in the photo doesn’t look particularly violent. Essentially the sign appears to advocate cop-killing, which is not the kind of thing people typically bring to a protest. I was suspicious, to say the least.
I started by checking the Snopes site, but so far they don’t have an analysis up. Message boards battered back and forth on whether or not the sign could be real. Some people feel that even if the photo is fake, that this is a real sentiment in the Arizona Latino community.
Some careful Google searches revealed that this photo is
not even from Arizona. The photo is actually taken in front of the Los Angeles Times building and took place on the May 1, 2010 protests there against Arizona’s new anti-illegal immigrant law,
SB1070.

But does it show a real sign? Many investigators are looking to find a copy of the original photo, or supplemental photos of the setting to see if any other evidence supports the idea that the sign is real, or evidence that will falsify it. I suspect the latter is more likely.

- Signs of trickery!
A little manipulation of contrast and brightness settings on the photo reveal that it shows obvious signs of tampering. There is a lot of digital smearing between the two signs the protester caries (if there ever were two signs) and the tampering corresponds strongly with someone erasing the original text and writing over it to form the offensive message. In other words, this appears to be a fake. I’d like to see the “real” photos. But even if they don’t turn up, this one’s busted. Whatever the sign once said, it was altered to say the inflammatory things it says now.
There are some additional tools available for this kind of evaluation. A clever little web program called
Error Level Analysis (ELA) is quite the helpful tool for analyzing digitally altered photographs. Briefly, compression-based image file formats such as .jpg lose a little information each time they are saved at a smaller bit-rate. The ELA program saves the file over and over again, each time reducing the file size by a bit – and thereby creating a much less clear picture. But an interesting side effect of this reduction is that areas of the photo which were touched up or altered end up showing a difference in the final version – presumably because their pixel depth at the end of the routine is inconsistent with that in the rest of the image.
Running this photo through ELA shows the kind of inconsistency around the sign one would expect in a digitally altered photo. Here is a photo of me (on the left) at a recent protest against Westboro Baptist Church.

Original photo of protest of WBC. Courtesy SkepticRN
Here is a crude fake of that photo wherein I replaced the perfectly sensible original message with something silly.
And here is how the ELA software compared the two images.

Areas around the lettering show thick black and the letters stark white.
Now, let’s compare those known fakes to the the “Arizona” protest photo. First, again, here is the protest photo that has been doing the rounds on the chain e-mail circuit, and directly below it is the ELA analysis:

ELA of the "Arizona" photo also shows distinct areas of alteration.
The similarities between my admitted fake and this photo are quite obvious. They are especially apparent in the lower sign, the one threatening future cop killings. This suggests that the top part of the sign may not have been as heavily altered.
Just to be clear, this image shows very, very strong evidence of being altered.
History is full of people faking evidence to fulfill their bigoted fantasies or support their ideologies. From the
Protocols of the elders of zion to
Obama’s birth-certificate conspiracy theory, people have used their creative powers to make the world the way
they think it ought to be. Still, with the Internet it is now possible for serious researchers to join together and collaborate to get to the truth.
A skeptic investigator wants to be as definitive as the evidence will allow. In this case the evidence strongly supports this being a faked photograph altered to create the incendiary message it currently carries. It is extremely likely that other photos from the May 1st protest at the LA Times will come out and show what this man’s sign actually said. But we don’t need that to know this photo is faked.